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Alternativa terapéutica en la industria avícola: Uso de aceites esenciales sobre Salmonella no móviles aisladas de aves de corral
dc.contributor.advisor | Arévalo Pinzón, Gabriela | |
dc.contributor.author | Casallas Rodríguez, Lady Maricel | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-05-23T15:47:47Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-05-23T15:47:47Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-04 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.universidadmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6907 | |
dc.description.abstract | El sector avícola es considerado el más dinámico de las actividades pecuarias, reflejándose en el aumento progresivo anual que tiene el consumo de pollo en Colombia. Sin embargo, esta industria es afectada por distintas enfermedades como la Salmonelosis, producida por la bacteria Salmonella. En busca de estrategias que puedan disminuir este impacto, el presente trabajo de investigación evaluó el uso de aceites esenciales sobre el crecimiento de cepas de Salmonella no móviles (son patógenos específicos para determinados grupos de animales) con diferentes perfiles de resistencia aisladas de aves de corral. Para abordar este objetivo, se determinó inicialmente, la prevalencia de Salmonella no móvil en distintas muestras de aves de corral que ingresaron y fueron procesadas en el laboratorio Servet SAS durante los años 2019-2021. Los resultados mostraron un total de 19,1% (n= 6058) de Salmonella presente en aves de corral, siendo el 57,8% (n=127) Salmonella no-móviles. La línea comercial más afectada por la Salmonella fue la de postura, donde se evidenció un 89,5% (n=89). Posteriormente se evaluaron los diferentes patrones de resistencia sobre las Salmonella no móviles mediante la técnica de Kirby Bauer. Los ensayos mostraron que, del total de Salmonella no-móviles el 97% presentó resistencia a la penicilina. En busca de tratamientos alternos, se evaluó la capacidad antibacteriana de doce aceites esenciales sobre las Salmonella no móviles con distintos perfiles de resistencia. Al evaluar el efecto bacteriano se encontró que el aceite de canela inhibió el crecimiento bacteriano con un halo de inhibición de 23mm. Los ensayos de microdilución en caldo mostraron una concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de 0,08%; así mismo, se encontró una concentración mínima bactericida de 0,011% (CMB). Los estudios de toxicidad sobre eritrocitos de aves mostraron un 0,9% de hemólisis a una concentración de 7,5%, concentración cien veces más alta que la CMI. A partir de estos resultados se encontró un índice terapéutico del aceite de canela de 96, convirtiendo a este aceite en una posible alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de la salmonelosis en aves industria y abre nuevos estudios para evaluar en campo la seguridad de este aceite y su efectividad en la eliminación de Salmonella en aves de corral. | spa |
dc.description.abstract | The poultry sector is considered the most dynamic of livestock activities, reflected in the annual progressive increase in chicken consumption in Colombia. However, this industry is affected by different diseases such as Salmonellosis, caused by the Salmonella bacteria. In search of strategies that can reduce this impact, this research work evaluated the use of essential oils on the growth of non-motile Salmonella strains (they are specific pathogens for certain groups of animals) with different resistance profiles isolated from poultry. . To address this objective, the prevalence of non-mobile Salmonella was initially determined in different samples of poultry that entered and were processed in the Servet SAS laboratory during the years 2019-2021. The results showed a total of 19.1% (n= 6058) of Salmonella present in poultry, being 57.8% (n=127) non-motile Salmonella. The commercial line most affected by Salmonella was the laying line, where 89.5% (n=89) was evidenced. Subsequently, the different resistance patterns on non-motile Salmonella were evaluated using the Kirby Bauer technique. The tests showed that, of the total number of nonmotile Salmonella, 97% presented resistance to penicillin. In search of alternative treatments, the antibacterial capacity of twelve essential oils on non-motile Salmonella with different resistance profiles was evaluated. When evaluating the bacterial effect, it was found that cinnamon oil inhibited bacterial growth with an inhibition halo of 23mm . Broth microdilution assays showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.08%; Likewise, a minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.011% (CMB) was found. Toxicity studies on chicken erythrocytes showed a hemolytic effect at a concentration of 7.5%, one hundred times higher than the MIC. These data made it possible to calculate a therapeutic index for cinnamon oil that is 96, making this oil a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of salmonellosis in the poultry industry and suggests future studies that will show the safety of this oil and its effectiveness in the elimination of Salmonella in poultry. | eng |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Tabla de contenido Lista de Figuras 6 Lista de Tablas 7 Lista de simbolos y abreviaturas 8 Resumen 9 Abstract 10 1 Introducción 11 2 Marco teórico y generalidades 14 2.1 Historia 14 2.2 Caracteristicas generales de Salmonella 14 2.3 Estructura antigenica 15 2.4 Clasificacion 16 2.5 Epidemiologia aviar 17 2.5.1 Avicultura en el mundo 18 2.5.2 Avicultura en Colombia 18 2.5.3 Enfermedades encontradas en las aves de corral 20 2.6 Prevalencia de Salmonella en pollo 21 2.6.1 Salmonelosis aviar 21 2.6.2 Transmision en aves. 22 2.6.3 Signos clinicos 22 2.7 Resistencia 22 2.7.1 Mecanismo de resistencia 25 2.8 Aceites esenciales 27 2.9 Composicion quimica 28 2.9.1 Terpenos y Terpenoides 29 2.9.2 Compuestos Aromaticos 29 2.10 Actividad antibacteriana 29 3 Objetivos 30 3.1 Objetivo general 31 3.2 Objetivos especificos 31 4 Diseño metodológico 31 Fase 1 32 4.1 Aislamiento e Identificacion de Salmonella. 33 Fase 2 34 4.2 Prevalencia de salmonella no movil 35 4.3 Descripcion y seleccion de Salmonella no-moviles con diferentes patrones de susceptibilidad y resistencia. 35 Fase 3 36 4.4 Recuperacion y mantenimiento de los aislados seleccionados 36 4.5 Evaluacion de la Actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales por el metodo de difusion en agar frente Salmonella no móvil aisladas de aves de corral con perfiles de resistencia 36 4.6 Comprobacion de las curvas de calibracion de las cepas bacterianas 37 4.7 Actividad antimicrobiana contra Salmonella no móvil aisladas de aves de corral con perfiles de resistencia, CMI y CMB 38 4.8 Determinacion de la actividad hemolitica de los aceites esenciales. 39 4.9 Calculo del indice terapeutico (CMH/CMI) 40 5 Resultados 41 5.1 Prevalencia de Salmonella spp en las muestras analizadas 41 5.2 Salmonellas no moviles presentan una elevada resistencia a la Penicilina. 43 5.3 El aceite de canela tiene caracteristicas antimicrobianas similares a la ciprofloxacina 45 5.4 Bajas concentraciones del aceite de canela son necesarias para inhibir el crecimiento bacteriano de Salmonella no movil 46 5.5 Efecto bactericida del aceite de canela sobre los aislados de Salmonella no-movil. 46 5.6 El aceite de canela genera una minima actividad hemolitica. 47 5.7 Elevado indice terapeutico de la canela como aceite esencial sugiere una nueva estrategia frente a la Salmonella no movil aislada de aves de corral con distintos patrones de resistencia. 48 6 Discusión 49 7 Conclusiones 55 Anexo A 56 Referencias 57 | spa |
dc.format.extent | 62p. | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca | spa |
dc.rights | Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2024 | spa |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | spa |
dc.title | Alternativa terapéutica en la industria avícola: Uso de aceites esenciales sobre Salmonella no móviles aisladas de aves de corral | spa |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.contributor.corporatename | Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Microbiología | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá D.C., Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Microbiología | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0) | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Salmonella | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Aceites esenciales | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Resistencia antimicrobiana | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Aves | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | spa |
dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | spa |