Publicación: Incidencia de la política criminal sobre el hacinamiento en el establecimiento carcelario La Modelo de Bogotá D.C. en el periodo de 2019 -2022
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Resumen en inglés
In Colombia, the number of people deprived of their liberty have exceeded the limits that the penitentiary infrastructure could offer, the La Modelo Prison Establishment has not been immune to this situation, which is why it is pertinent to speak of a high rate of overcrowding present in the prisons. recent years in this detention center, a phenomenon that does not bring with it the simple accommodation of several people who are serving their sentences in a reduced space, but rather the overcrowding necessarily facilitates the violation of all the fundamental rights of those deprived of liberty. This situation of systematic and continuous violation of fundamental rights led precisely to the Constitutional Court, through ruling T-153 of 1998, initially addressing the legal problem of the conditions to which persons deprived of their liberty had been subjected in an establishment permeated by overcrowding, carrying out this analysis precisely in the Modelo de Bogotá and Bellavista de Medellín Prisons, consequently identifying the massive and systematic violation of fundamental rights of inmates, thus declaring the Unconstitutional State of Affairs of the Prison System, therefore in In order to restore a guaranteed order for inmates, the Constitutional Court ordered the preparation and execution of an urgent action plan that would guarantee dignified conditions within the framework of serving a sentence within the penitentiary establishment. For the year 2013, the Constitutional Court includes the decisions issued by the instance guardianship judges that mainly sought the protection of fundamental rights such as human integrity, life and health, declaring in Colombia the Unconstitutional State of Things (ECI ) in 9 some prisons and penitentiaries through ruling T-388 of the same year, ordering the institutions to take the necessary decisions and actions to stop the massive and systematic violation of fundamental rights. In this order, the Constitutional Court with judgment T-762 of 2015, evaluating the scope of the Unconstitutional State of Affairs previously declared with judgment T-388 of 2013, clearly indicates that in Colombia there is a clear absence of public policies, especially a adequate criminal policy, since it considered that this policy has been outside the facts present in prison establishments, since it is reactive, populist and with little reflection and is not consistent with what has been proposed. The above situation then leads to questioning the criminal policy approach adopted in the Colombian State, since it is observed that not only are the fundamental rights of persons deprived of liberty being violated, but it is beginning to show that resocialization programs they are insufficient, thus intensifying recidivism. These initial characteristics of the effects of criminal policy on prison overcrowding, especially in the La Modelo Prison Establishment in Bogotá D.C., obeys in principle to the fact that the function of the penalty embodied in article 4 of law 599 of 2000, has been focused on the fear that causes the legal consequence in the person when they have committed a crime, especially with the deprivation of liberty. Consequently, an adequate criminal policy is the central axis or fundamental pillar to begin to reduce prison overcrowding, because if a criminal policy is not adopted in accordance with the national reality, where the function of the sentence is actually resocializing and preventive, there will be no It will have the positive effect that is needed, and it will be useless to modify criminal laws, toughening penalties, creating new criminal offenses, creating more prisons, if all these actions do not materialize in an objective that integrates all the institutions and the primary purpose, prevent crime, hence prison overcrowding.
Resumen
En Colombia la cantidad de personas privadas de la libertad han superado los límites que la infraestructura penitenciaria podría ofrecer, el Establecimiento Carcelario la Modelo no ha sido ajena a esta situación, razón por la cual es pertinente hablar de un alto índice de hacinamiento presente en los últimos años en este centro de reclusión, fenómeno que no trae consigo la simple acomodación de varias personas que están cumpliendo su pena en un espacio reducido, sino que el hacinamiento necesariamente facilita la vulneración de todos los derechos fundamentales de los privados de la libertad.