Publicación: Producción de pigmentos a partir de la levadura Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa usando desechos agroindustriales
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Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
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El desaprovechamiento de los residuos agroindustriales y mal manejo de los mismos en el
país actualmente es causa contaminación ambiental, afectando no sólo cuerpos de agua y
suelos sino el desarrollo ecosistémico, ésto debido al incremento significativo de los desechos
tras la producción. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es mediante procesos
biotecnológicos, producir pigmentos naturales a partir de la fermentación de la levadura
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa usando como única fuente de carbono desechos agroindustriales.
Los desechos agroindustriales para el desarrollo del proyecto fueron utilizados como sustrato,
la mazorca del cacao, el bagazo de caña de azúcar y el lactosuero, seleccionados de acuerdo a
sus propiedades y la capacidad de sustituir los requerimientos nutricionales del medio en el
que la levadura se desarrolla habitualmente. El microorganismo Rhodotorula mucilaginosa se
obtuvo del cepario de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, para su crecimiento
fueron establecidos los medios de cultivo selectivos y a partir de éstos se formuló cada medio
de cultivo: con mazorca de cacao, bagazo de caña de azúcar y lactosuero por separado, según
Noel. J y colaboradores³³, y Costa J y colaboradores³⁴ , seguido de la provisión de
condiciones ambientales requeridas por la levadura para llevar a cabo el proceso
fermentativo, se llevó a cabo el proceso de lisis celular para liberar el pigmento intracelular
para la extracción y purificación del pigmento, según metodología de Landolfo y
colaboradores (2018). El uso de desechos agroindustriales permite minimizar el costo de la
producción de pigmentos útiles en la industria alimenticia, cosmetológica, farmacéutica, entre
otras y a su vez reducir el impacto ambiental que generan.
The waste of agro-industrial residues and their mismanagement in the country currently causes environmental pollution, affecting not only bodies of water and soils but also the development of the ecosystem, due to the significant increase of these wastes after production. The objective of this research work is, through biotechnological processes, to produce natural pigments from the fermentation of Rhodotorula mucilaginous yeast using agro-industrial waste as the only source of carbon. Agro-industrial waste was used as a substrate for the project. Cocoa pods, sugar cane bagasse and whey were selected according to the properties of each one and the capacity to substitute the nutritional requirements of the environment in which the yeast usually develops. The microorganism Rhodotorula mucilaginous was molecularly characterized, was obtained from the strain of the University Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca and were established selective culture mediums suitable for growth and from this each culture medium was formulated: with cocoa pod, sugar cane bagasse and whey separately, according to Noel. J and collaborators³³, and Costa J and colaboradores³⁴ , followed by the provision of environmental conditions required by the yeast to carry out the fermentation process, the process of cell lysis was carried out to release the intracellular pigment for the extraction and purification of the pigment, according to methodology of Landolfo and collaborators (2018). The use of agro-industrial waste allows minimizing the cost of production of useful pigments in the food, cosmetology, and pharmaceutical industries, among others, and at the same time reducing the environmental impact they generate.
The waste of agro-industrial residues and their mismanagement in the country currently causes environmental pollution, affecting not only bodies of water and soils but also the development of the ecosystem, due to the significant increase of these wastes after production. The objective of this research work is, through biotechnological processes, to produce natural pigments from the fermentation of Rhodotorula mucilaginous yeast using agro-industrial waste as the only source of carbon. Agro-industrial waste was used as a substrate for the project. Cocoa pods, sugar cane bagasse and whey were selected according to the properties of each one and the capacity to substitute the nutritional requirements of the environment in which the yeast usually develops. The microorganism Rhodotorula mucilaginous was molecularly characterized, was obtained from the strain of the University Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca and were established selective culture mediums suitable for growth and from this each culture medium was formulated: with cocoa pod, sugar cane bagasse and whey separately, according to Noel. J and collaborators³³, and Costa J and colaboradores³⁴ , followed by the provision of environmental conditions required by the yeast to carry out the fermentation process, the process of cell lysis was carried out to release the intracellular pigment for the extraction and purification of the pigment, according to methodology of Landolfo and collaborators (2018). The use of agro-industrial waste allows minimizing the cost of production of useful pigments in the food, cosmetology, and pharmaceutical industries, among others, and at the same time reducing the environmental impact they generate.