Potencial probiótico de bacterias intestinales aisladas de bovinos de raza holstein de Simijaca, Cundinamarca,  Colombia

Villamil Ballesteros, Andrea Catalina

Publicación:
Potencial probiótico de bacterias intestinales aisladas de bovinos de raza holstein de Simijaca, Cundinamarca, Colombia

dc.contributor.advisor	Ovalle Másmela, Juan Camilo
dc.contributor.advisor	Santos Ruiz, Paola Andrea
dc.contributor.author	Villamil Ballesteros, Andrea Catalina
dc.date.accessioned	2026-04-08T02:21:20Z
dc.date.issued	2025-12
dc.description.abstract	La salud y nutrición de los bovinos son una de las principales preocupaciones del sector ganadero. Constantemente se están buscando nuevas alternativas frente al uso de antibióticos y la generación de planes alimenticios, que contribuyan a la salud animal. Hay un interés creciente en virtud de la selección y caracterización de microorganismos con potencial probiótico. Se ha documentado que las cepas probióticas potenciales deben originarse preferiblemente de la especie objetivo para garantizar especificidad de ubicación y colonización. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar bacterias intestinales nativas de bovinos de raza Holstein con potencial probiótico en sistemas productivos lecheros en Simijaca - Cundinamarca. En función de lo anterior se realizó la toma de muestras y se procedió con el aislamiento, identificación y evaluaciones biológicas de los microorganismos con potencial probiótico. Las cepas con propiedades probióticas se estudiaron en virtud de su actividad hemolítica, actividad antimicrobiana, tolerancia a condiciones ácidas, tolerancia a sales biliares y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. En este estudio se aislaron y caracterizaron bacterias ácido lácticas (LAB) a partir de materia fecal de bovinos Holstein en el trópico alto. De las 20 cepas obtenidas, seis fueron seleccionadas por sus características morfológicas y bioquímicas, y una de ellas fue identificada como Lacticaseibacillus mediante secuenciación 16S rRNA. Las cepas mostraron tolerancia a condiciones gastrointestinales simuladas, destacándose AC009 y AC010 por su resistencia a pH ácido (3.0) y sales biliares (1%). Ninguna fue hemolítica y presentaron actividad antimicrobiana frente a Escherichia coli K99 y Salmonella spp., confirmando su seguridad y capacidad de exclusión competitiva. En cuanto al perfil de sensibilidad a antibióticos, las cepas resultaron sensibles a todos los antimicrobianos probados, lo que las convierte en las candidatas más seguras para su uso probiótico. En conclusión, las cepas aisladas poseen propiedades probióticas, siendo AC009 y AC010 las más prometedoras para el desarrollo de biopreparados destinados a mejorar la salud intestinal y el rendimiento productivo de bovinos.	spa
dc.description.abstract	Cattle health and nutrition are major concerns in the livestock sector. New alternatives to the use of antibiotics and the development of feeding plans that contribute to animal health are constantly being sought. There is growing interest in the selection and characterization of microorganisms with probiotic potential. It has been documented that potential probiotic strains should preferably originate from the target species to ensure location and colonization specificity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize native intestinal bacteria with probiotic potential in Holstein cattle in dairy production systems in Simijaca, Cundinamarca. Based on the above, samples were collected and microorganisms with probiotic potential were isolated, identified, and biologically evaluated. Strains with probiotic properties were studied based on their hemolytic activity, antimicrobial activity, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and antimicrobial sensitivity. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and characterized from the feces of Holstein cattle in the highland tropics. Of the 20 strains obtained, six were selected for their morphological and biochemical characteristics, and one was identified as Lacticaseibacillus by 16S rRNA sequencing. The strains showed tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, with AC009 and AC010 standing out for their resistance to acidic pH (3.0) and bile salts (1%). None were hemolytic, and they exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K99 and Salmonella spp., confirming their safety and competitive exclusion capacity. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility profile, the strains were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested, making them the safest candidates for probiotic use. In conclusion, the isolated strains possess probiotic properties, with AC009 and AC010 being the most promising for the development of biopreparations aimed at improving intestinal health and productive performance in cattle.	eng
dc.description.degreelevel	Maestría
dc.description.degreename	Magíster en Microbiología
dc.description.tableofcontents	Contenido Resumen 5 Abstract 6 Lista de figuras 10 Lista de tablas 11 Lista de símbolos y abreviaturas 12 Abreviaturas 12 1. Introducción 1 1.1. Planteamiento del problema 4 Pregunta de investigación 5 1.2. Justificación 6 2. Objetivos 8 2.1. Objetivo general 8 2.2. Objetivos específicos 8 3. Marco conceptual y generalidades 9 3.1. Probióticos y características generales 9 3.1.1. Selección de microorganismos con propiedades probióticas y métodos de caracterización 12 3.1.2. Especificidad de los probióticos 14 3.1.3. Propiedades y beneficios de la administración de probióticos 14 3.1.4. Bacterias ácido-lácticas y su papel probiótico 17 3.1.5. Papel de los Probióticos en la regulación metabólica 19 3.2. Microbiota intestinal en rumiantes 21 4. Metodología (Materiales y Métodos) 25 4.1. Tipo de estudio 25 4.2. Selección de animales para muestreo 26 4.3. Criterios de inclusión y exclusión 26 4.4. Muestreo 26 4.5. Aislamiento e identificación bacteriana 27 4.5.1 Identificación bioquímica de los aislamientos bacterianos 28 4.5.2 identificación molecular de los aislamientos bacterianos 28 4.6. Caracterización de microorganismos con potencial probiótico 29 4.6.1. Propiedades de tolerancia al ácido 29 4.6.2. Propiedades de tolerancia a la bilis 30 4.6.3. Prueba de actividad hemolítica 30 4.6.4. Ensayo actividad antimicrobiana 31 4.6.5. Prueba de sensibilidad a antibióticos 31 4.7. Análisis estadístico 32 4.8. Consideraciones éticas 32 5. Resultados y discusión 34 5.6. Aislamiento e identificación de bacteriana 34 5.7. Evaluación de las propiedades probióticas 42 5.7.1. Propiedades de tolerancia al ácido 42 5.7.2. Propiedades de tolerancia a la bilis 45 5.7.3. Prueba de actividad hemolítica 47 5.7.4. Ensayo actividad antimicrobiana 48 5.7.5. Prueba de sensibilidad a antibióticos 50 6. Conclusiones 53 7. Recomendaciones 55 8. Apropiación Social del Conocimiento y/o publicaciones 56 Bibliografía 57 Anexos 67	spa
dc.format.extent	86p.
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.identifier.uri	https://repositorio.universidadmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/7347
dc.language.iso	spa
dc.publisher	Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
dc.publisher.faculty	Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.place	Bogota
dc.publisher.program	Maestría en Microbiología
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dc.rights	Al consultar y hacer uso de este recurso, está aceptando las condiciones de uso establecidas por los autores.
dc.rights.license	Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subject.proposal	Aislamiento
dc.subject.proposal	Potencial probiótico
dc.subject.proposal	Cepas nativas
dc.subject.proposal	Microbiota intestinal
dc.title	Potencial probiótico de bacterias intestinales aisladas de bovinos de raza holstein de Simijaca, Cundinamarca, Colombia	spa
dc.type	Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coar	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversion	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.content	Text
dc.type.driver	info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcol	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.type	Publication