Publicación: Potencial antagonista de microorganismos de los géneros Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. y Trichoderma spp. frente a Botrytis cinerea en el cultivo de Cannabis sativa L.: una revisión sistemática
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ovalle Másmela, Juan Camilo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Parra Niño, Daniela | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-09-15T01:58:58Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | |
| dc.description.abstract | El cultivo de Cannabis sativa L. enfrenta importantes desafíos fitosanitarios asociados con Botrytis cinerea, hongo necrotrofo responsable del moho gris y una de las principales causas de pérdidas en calidad y rendimiento, especialmente en el quimiotipo I (alto THC) componente de fundamental interés en la extracción a partir de la flor. El manejo convencional para este fitopatógeno basado en agroquímicos resulta incompatible con los estándares de inocuidad exigidos para el Cannabis medicinal, lo que impulsa la búsqueda de alternativas biotecnológicas sostenibles. En este contexto, diversos microorganismos son fundamentales para el control biológico esto mediante sus mecanismos de acción Este trabajo analizó la evidencia científica sobre las interacciones antagonistas de microorganismos frente a Botrytis cinerea, determinando sus mecanismos de acción y su aplicabilidad como agentes de control biológico en el cultivo de Cannabis sativa L. El presente trabajo constituye una revisión sistemática desarrollada bajo los lineamientos PRISMA 2020, cuyo objetivo es analizar la evidencia científica sobre las interacciones antagonistas de microorganismos mediante una búsqueda sistemática en ScienceDirect, PubMed, SciELO y Google Scholar, con ecuaciones booleanas estructuradas a partir de descriptores DeCS. y MeSH, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión definidos. La muestra final comprendió 19 documentos científicos publicados entre 2022 y 2026. Los resultados permiten identificar Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. y Trichoderma spp. como los géneros con mayor evidencia de actividad antagonista frente a B. cinerea, mediante mecanismos que incluyen la producción de lipopéptidos cíclicos (iturinas, fengicinas, surfactinas), síntesis de sideróforos, micoparasitismo, enzimas hidrolíticas y la inducción de resistencia sistémica (ISR) en la planta hospedadora. El análisis comparativo sugiere que las cepas de control biológico permiten inhibir el crecimiento y propagación de Botrytis cinerea, en gran porcentaje, a su vez se evidenció que estos microorganismos poseen mayor potencial cuando se aplican en consorcios microbianos, adicionalmente se encontró que estos microorganismos promueven el crecimiento en variedad de cultivos. | spa |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Pregrado | |
| dc.description.degreename | Bacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico | |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | TABLA DE CONTENIDOS RESUMEN 7 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 8 2. OBJETIVOS 11 2.1 Objetivo general 11 3. ANTECEDENTES 12 4. MARCO REFERENCIAL 13 4.1 Generalidades de Cannabis sativa L 13 4.1.1. Botánica y quimiotipos: Clasificación y diferenciación entre Cannabis medicinal y cáñamo industrial 13 4.1.2. Requerimientos edafoclimáticos: Textura, drenaje, pH del suelo, fotoperiodo, temperatura, etc 15 4.1.3. Metabolitos secundarios de interés farmacológico: Biosíntesis de Cannabinoides (THC, CBD, CBG 16 4.1.4. Microbioma del Cannabis 18 4.2 Fitopatología: Dinámica de infección de Botrytis cinérea 19 4.2.1. Etiología y biología del patógeno: Ciclo de vida, esclerocios y mecanismos de supervivencia 19 4.2.2. Proceso infectivo y sintomatología: Mecanismos de penetración enzimática y degradación de inflorescencias (pudrición del cogollo) 21 4.2.3. Impacto en la calidad e inocuidad: Riesgos de micotoxinas y pérdida de valor farmacológico 22 4.3. Microorganismos Antagonistas 23 4.3.1. El género Pseudomonas: Colonización rizosférica y producción de sideróforos 23 4.3.2. El género Trichoderma: Mecanismos de micoparasitismo y promoción de crecimiento 26 4.3.3. El género Bacillus: 28 4.4. Mecanismos de Acción del Control Biológico 30 4.4.1. Antibiosis: Producción de lipopéptidos cíclicos (Surfactinas, Iturinas, Fungicidas) 30 4.4.2. Enzimas hidrolíticas: Degradación de la pared celular fúngica (Quitinasas y Glucanasas).32 4.4.3. Competencia por espacio y nutrientes: Secuestro de hierro 33 4.4.4. Síntesis de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs) 35 4.4.5. Inducción de Resistencia Sistémica (ISR): Activación de rutas metabólicas de defensa de la planta 37 5. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 38 5.1. Corpus documental y unidad de análisis 41 5.1.1 Corpus documental 41 5.1.2 Unidad de análisis 41 6. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 42 6.1 Resultados de búsqueda en las diferentes bases de datos 42 6.2 Selección de los artículos finales 42 6.3 Diversidad de microorganismos antagonistas descritos en la literatura 43 6.4 Eficacia biocontroladora: comparación de porcentajes de inhibición in vitro e in vivo 47 7 6.5 Mecanismos de acción predominantes 51 7. CONCLUSIONES 53 8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 56 9. ANEXOS 67 | spa |
| dc.format.extent | 80p. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.universidadmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/7794 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud | |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogota | |
| dc.publisher.program | Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico | |
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| dc.rights | Al consultar y hacer uso de este recurso, está aceptando las condiciones de uso establecidas por los autores. | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Control biológico | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Microorganismos nativos | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Consorcios microbianos | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Antagonismo microbiano | |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cannabis sativa | |
| dc.title | Potencial antagonista de microorganismos de los géneros Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. y Trichoderma spp. frente a Botrytis cinerea en el cultivo de Cannabis sativa L.: una revisión sistemática | spa |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication |
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